Yesterday night I wanted to have some “no-purpose coding session” and thought it was a nice idea to record the session and do a speedcoding video. The original video has been collapsed from 45 minutes to 3 minutes circa.

The main concept is once again based on perlinNoise which (I am sure you already guessed) is something I do like very much. So please start call me “The PerlinNoise Guy” or “Perlinator”.

So this is my first speedcoding video (be sure to look at it in high quality):

Here’s the interactive demo:

Click to launch. Move mouse (x position) to change smoothness (my favourite values are around 100)

The code consist on a Branch.as class file (click to download) and some timeline code to assemble the demo:

import com.oaxoa.fx.Branch;
 
const w:uint=stage.stageWidth;
const h:uint=stage.stageHeight;
 
var ct:ColorTransform=new ColorTransform(1,1,1,1,1,1,1);
var renderView:BitmapData=new BitmapData(w, h, true);
var bmp:Bitmap=new Bitmap(renderView);
addChild(bmp);
 
var tf:TextFormat=new TextFormat("_sans", 16, 0, true);
var label:TextField=new TextField();
label.width=400;
label.defaultTextFormat=tf;
addChild(label);
 
var timer:Timer=new Timer(10);
timer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, ontimer);
timer.start();
 
function ontimer(event:TimerEvent):void {
	addNew();
}
function addNew():void {
	label.text="Smoothness: "+String(mouseX-w/2);
	var tt:Branch=new Branch(mouseX-w/2);
	tt.x=stage.stageWidth/2;
	tt.y=stage.stageHeight/2;
	tt.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, oncomplete);
	addChild(tt);
	renderView.colorTransform(renderView.rect, ct);
}
function oncomplete(event:Event):void {
	var t:Branch=event.currentTarget as Branch;
	var matrix:Matrix=new Matrix();
	matrix.translate(t.x, t.y);
	renderView.draw(t, matrix);
	removeChild(t);
	t.removeEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, oncomplete);
	t=null;
}

I didn’t forget about the lightning class part 3 that I will publish soon

As usual if you liked this drop a line in the comments.
Ciao

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The first rule for the good blogger I read 18 months ago (when I started this blog) was: “Never, ever post on Sunday… people coming back to the office on monday morning will find tons of weekend rss notifications and miss your post among them”.

But… since I am not a good blogger and since this blog is mine… I do post whenever I want

Here we are with the second post dedicated to the lightning class I’m working on. It had to force myself to sit down here and write again about this, I am working on other 3 nice experiments and the fun part of this class for me has already gone, now starts the boring part: optimize/parametrize/explainize. But I think it could be interesting for someone, so here we are.

Still no code, I still have to optimize/parametrize but I can start to “explain-ize”. In the first post we just saw a couple of samples running. Some people asked me for the raw logic behind this.

The key here are two perlinNoise, one for simulate the macro behaviour and one for the micro variations. As often a monodimensional (1px height) perlinNoise is perfect to simulate bidimensional effects, since perlinNoise images contain an additional dimension defined by luminosity variations.

So, if from a 2D perlinNoise image you can easily get a 3D voxelTerrain (X+Y+Height), from a 1D image you can easily get for instance 2D mountains (X+Height).
1px height perlinNoise images are very fast to render so they do not kill your cpu even if many of them are used.

I have prepared two “debug” sample movies. The first is to show how the two perlinNoise bitmapDatas affect the movement of the final shape (children are disabled for clarity purpose).

Debug sample #1

As you can see there are 3 different grey bars under the lightning:

• The first one is the perlinNoise used to displace the discharge on a micro scale
• the second one for the macro movements (this is really what makes it feel as real)
• the third one is the image merged onto the second one to smooth the edges.

Obviously the 3 bitmaps are 1 pixel height, I just stretched them here to 30px to make ‘em visible.

Speaking about perlinNoise edges smoothing this is the fact: without any smoothing the extremities of the perlinNoise have a random value between 0×000000 and 0xffffff which stand for black and white. Black value will displace the beam in a negative direction, white value will displace it in a positive direction. To be sure the edges are sticked to the x/y coords of the graphic that simulates the origin of the discharge, we need no displacement at the beginning and at the end.
No displacement=grey value (0×808080).

The easiest way to do this is to create a vector shape, fill it with a gradient (alphas=[1,0,0,1]), adjust ration accordingly to the smooth percentage and draw it onto the macro variations bitmap (Bitmap.draw(…)). Is off course possible to to this directly using bitmap methods. But I found this being the most natural for me. I like the idea to mix vector and bitmaps using the easiest way for what I need.

Naturally you cannot set the last pixels to medium gray without some smooth transition, and so we use the gradient. Check this sample with code snippet:

perlinNoise edges smoothing

const grey:uint=0x808080;
var smooth:Sprite=new Sprite();
var ratioOffset:uint=smoothPercentage/100*128;
smooth.graphics.beginGradientFill(GradientType.LINEAR, [grey, grey, grey, grey], [1, 0, 0, 1], [0, ratioOffset, 255-ratioOffset, 255], matrix);
smooth.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, w, 1);

I used the smoothing only on the macro bitmap, not one the micro too save some cpu cycle on a barely visible detail and because I like the micro variations on the edges too.

The second one shows the same concept applied also to children with a slider to vary the children birth probability:

Debug sample #2

The main beam can create bridges of electricity, or “children”. A child is simply another instance of the class with a “generationNumber” parameter to manage descendant probability and avoid infite recursion. All the rules described until now applies to children too. Children need to be sticked to the parent beam so they always have a non-variable smoothing of 50%.

Coming soon with part 3 and the full class.
As always leave a comment if you find something interesting.

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Here again with the first test of a Fx class.

The class can render lightnings with these specs:

- different shapes and aspect
- variable edge-smoothness to keep the extremities sticked to the origin
- runtime children generation (every trunk can generate children)

Sample #1

Sample #2

Perhaps not that useful but could be nice to implement in some game or demo.
Code soon.

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Just some hypno-fun with drawing APIs:

Click to self-hypnotize

p.s.: this zoom back infinitely (more and more drawing API usage) so do not leave it run wildly or your cpu will burn

Code:

var w:Number=stage.stageWidth;
var h:Number=stage.stageHeight;
var steps:uint=5;
var stepAngle:Number=720/steps;
var div:Number=2;
var inita:Number=0;
var acc:Number=0;
 
function render(event:Event):void {
	acc+=1;
	div+=.02;
	inita+=.2;
	this.graphics.clear();
	this.graphics.beginFill(0);
	this.graphics.moveTo(w/2, h/2);
	var r:Number=1;
	var a:Number;
	var arad:Number;
	var i:int=0;
	while (r<1000) {
		if (div!=0) r+=r/div;
		a=inita;
		for (i=0; i<steps; i++) {
			a+=stepAngle;
			arad=a/180*Math.PI;
			this.graphics.lineTo(w/2+Math.cos(arad)*r, h/2+Math.sin(arad)*r);
		}
	}
}
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, render);

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Hi there, back from an awesome week in Playa del Carmen Mexico… the most incredible vacation ever had. I’ll not post about this holiday (is or isn’t this a technical blog?). So in this last day before going back to work, I am here to post my 25lines contest and my four twittercoding entries.

25lines.com contest

Sadly 25lines.com is dying just after a couple of editions, I really enjoy this kind of stuff, but unfortunately after the first (december ‘08) edition entries count started to diminish. I am the one who contributed in this premature departure as I entered only the first contest and then was to busy to work to contributing again.

However this was what I came with:

/**
 * 25-Line ActionScript Contest Entry
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 
 /*
 25 lines Voxel Landscape Engine by Pierluigi Pesenti
 info@oaxoa.com
 http://blog.oaxoa.com/
 */
 
// 3 free lines! Alter the parameters of the following lines or remove them.
// Do not substitute other code for the three lines in this section
[SWF(width=512, height=400, backgroundColor=0x7ddafd, frameRate=31)]
stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;
stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;
// 25 lines begins here!
var paletteMap:Array=[13209,13465,13722,14235,14492,14749,15262,15519,16032,16288,16545,17058,17315,17572,18085,18342,18855,19111,19368,19881,20138,20395,20908,21165,21678,21934,22191,22704,22961,23218,23731,23988,24501,24757,25014,25527,25784,26041,26554,26811,27324,27580,27837,28350,28607,28864,29377,29634,30147,30403,30660,31173,31430,31687,32200,32457,32970,33226,33483,33996,34253,34510,35023,35280,35793,36049,36306,36819,37076,37333,37846,38103,38616,38872,39129,39642,39899,40156,40669,40926,106975,3322853,6604267,9820402,13101816,16383487,16119793,15856100,15658199,15394506,15196605,14671798,14212528,13753258,13293987,12834973,12375703,11916433,11457162,10997892,10538878,10014072,9554801,9095531,8636261,8177247,7717976,7258706,6799436,6340165,5881151,5356345,4897075,4437804,3978534,3519520,3060250,2600979,2141709,1682439,1223425,1223169,1288706,1353987,1419524,1484804,1550341,1615878,1681159,1746695,1811976,1877513,1943050,2008330,2073867,2139148,2204685,2269965,2335502,2401039,2466320,2531856,2597137,2662674,2728211,2793491,2859028,2924309,2989846,3055126,3120663,3120664,3185945,3251481,3316762,3382299,3447836,3513116,3578653,3643934,3709471,3774751,3840288,3905825,3971106,4036642,4101923,4167460,4232997,4298277,4363814,4429095,4494632,4559912,4625449,4690986,4756267,4821803,4887084,4952621,5018158,5214768,5411635,5608501,5805112,6001979,6198845,6460992,6657858,6854725,7051592,7248202,7445069,7641935,7904082,8100949,8297815,8494426,8691292,8888159,9150562,9347172,9544039,9740905,9937516,10134383,10331249,10593396,10790262,10987129,11183996,11380606,11577473,11774339,12036486,12233353,12430219,12626830,12823696,13020563,13282966,13349274,13415583,13481892,13613736,13680045,13746354,13812663,13944763,14011072,14077381,14143690,14275534,14341843,14408152,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253,14540253];
var offs:Array=[new Point(0,0),new Point(0,0),new Point(0,0),new Point(0,0)];
var bdHeight:BitmapData=new BitmapData(256*2,256,false);
var bdColor:BitmapData=new BitmapData(256*2,256,false);
var bdNoise:BitmapData=new BitmapData(256*2,256,false);
var bdOutput:BitmapData=new BitmapData(256, 256, false);
addChild(new Bitmap(bdOutput));
Bitmap(getChildAt(0)).scaleX=Bitmap(getChildAt(0)).scaleY=2;
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, function(event:Event):void {
	offs[0].x=offs[1].x=offs[2].x=offs[3].x=offs[0].x-(256-mouseX)/20;
	offs[0].y=offs[1].y=offs[2].y=offs[3].y=offs[0].y+(200-mouseY)/20;
	bdHeight.perlinNoise(150, 150, 3, 5, false, true, 7, true, offs);
	bdColor.copyPixels(bdHeight, bdHeight.rect, new Point(0,0),bdHeight);
	bdHeight.threshold(bdHeight, bdHeight.rect, new Point(0,0), "<", 0xff555555, 0xff555555);
	bdNoise.perlinNoise(5, 5, 1, 5, false, true, 7, true, offs);
	bdColor.paletteMap(bdColor, bdColor.rect, new Point(), paletteMap, [], []);
	bdColor.draw(bdNoise, null, new ColorTransform(1,1,1,.2), BlendMode.OVERLAY);
	bdOutput.fillRect(bdOutput.rect, 0x7ddafd);
	for (var i:int=0; i<256; i++) {
		for (var j:int=0; j<256*2; j++) {
			for (var k:int=0; k<3; k++) {
				if (bdOutput.getPixel(256/2+(j-256)*(120/(120+i)),50+((-bdHeight.getPixel(j,i)/(0xffffff/125)+200)*(120/(120+i)))+k)==0x7ddafd) {
					bdOutput.setPixel(256/2+(j-256)*(120/(120+i)),50+(((-bdHeight.getPixel(j,i)/(0xffffff/125)+200)*(120/(120+i)))+k), bdColor.getPixel(j, i));
				} else {
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
});
// 25 lines ends here!

Which renders like this:

Yeah, yeah, know what u thinking: “He repacked the same old stuff of previous “voxels landscape” posts in 25 lines and submit to the contest! Booo”.
You’re right, but compacting that code in 25 lines was not that easy, and most of all this has dinamically generated map and not bitmap based like the voxels landscape post… lakes are rendered flat on the surface but still has depth gradients, there’s a noise filter on the surface to mimic lesser hue variations and the loss of speed compared to the “unpacked” version is visible but not drastical.

Tweetcoding

See the winners, runners-up and mentions here.

After preparing four tweetcoding entries (140 chars only) going back to 25 lines of code would feel like absolute freedom. 140 chars is less than a sms, and as3 is quite verbose for some things. Thankfully the other 140 chars of (common) gimmick code made this contest possible.

The gimmick code:

g=graphics;
mt=g.moveTo;
lt=g.lineTo;
ls=g.lineStyle;
m=Math;
r=m.random;
s=m.sin;
i=0;
o={};
function f(e){
// paste your 140 chars here
}
addEventListener("enterFrame",f);

Alien lifeform

Mouse interactive, move mouse left/right to change the shape.
Big part of the code used to cycle colors, if you wait some minutes you will see cycling all the rgb colors. Some shape displays really fun colors pattern.

a=mouseX;x=y=200;i+=.01;g.clear();for(c=600;c--;) {g.beginFill(c*i);d=m.sqrt(m.abs(s(i)*600-c))*8;g.drawCircle(s(1.6-c*a)*d,s(c*a)*d,c/50);}

Rotating black & white alien lifeform (variation)

Mouse interactive, move mouse left/right to change the shape.
Sacrified the color cycling and implemented a simple 3d spinning. All the color fill is black, with a single beginFill to display the NAND effect very trendy in this contest because very cheap.

This got a notable mention… thank you guys. However the first version with color cycling has been more challenging for me and is still my favorite.

a=mouseX/999;x=y=200;i+=.01;g.clear();g.beginFill(0);for(c=500;c--;) {d=m.sqrt(m.abs(s(i)*500-c))*8;g.drawCircle(s(i-c*a)*d,s(c*a)*d,c/50);}

Oh no! My f****** horn!

Not interactive. Just look at it if you like.
Not much to say here, just a credit to the movie “Tenacious D and the Pick of Destiny” for the title and inspiration.

i+=4;if(i<220) {m=addChild(new Sprite);m.rotationX=i*2;k=m.graphics;k.lineStyle(1);k.drawCircle(0,i,i/2);x=y=i;}rotationY+=2;rotationX+=.9

Numeric sequence spiral

Not interactive.
Ok, ok, the sequence sucks (multiples of 8 are displayed). Wanted to have a Fibonacci one but too much code needed for the sequence to leave some spare char for the spiral. Number are interval created and the place to form a 3D spiral which is sine spinning slowly.
Totally lame here cause numbers are continuosly created and never removed, so after a minute or so, better you close the window before looking at your CPU freezing

if(i%8==0) {t=addChild(new TextField);t.text=i;t.x=s(i/30)*i/4;t.y=s(1.6-i/30)*i/4;t.z=i/2;}rotationY=s(i++/99)*150;x=y=200

Don’t forget to leave a comment if you find this code and examples someway useful.
Ciaooooooooo

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Nothing much to say here… I wanted to create some christmas themed swf and so I started to experiment with the fascinating (but kinda boring) Koch snowflake curve, and found it much more interesting setting some variable parameters to play with. (only octaves are fixed to five… you don’t really need more).

(Do not forget to play with parameters! (Flash Player 10 required))

I will not post the code now cause really needs a clean up, but if someone is interested just drop a comment and I will try to publish it in the next few days.

oh, almost forgot… Merry Christmas, happy holydays, good 2009 and bla bla.

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Ok, here we are… once again speaking about perlinNoise.

PerlinNoise is a super-cool function… nothing to object, it gives you the ability to render a smooth random varying surface on a bitmapdata.

You can use it for random behaviours, for mountains generation, for lots lots of stuff resembling the inner and deep variations hidden in nature… but lets say it: it’s kinda boring to look at.

Tired to have always the same old plain smooth boring perlinNoise? Try this simple variation.

Test interactive demo #1

The main concept is EXTREMELY simple and is a trick I inherited from photoshop “Render clouds / Render difference clouds” filters.

The logic is this:

1. Apply a simple perlinNoise method to a bitmapData
2. For i=0 to i=N…
3. Apply a simple perlinNoise method to a second bitmapData with a different seed at every iteration
4. Composite the second bitmapData onto the first with the draw() method and a BlendMode.DIFFERENCE blend mode.

Look at the simple code:

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I don’t usually post about two lines of code snippets, or about workarounds to that damn bug or about basic tutorials for beginners. I honestly haven’t enough time and will to post on a daily basis. Usually I use this blog to mantain me focused on a single project I find interesting and take it to the end (not a really working however :-P).

Logic comes first, code is the last step

So what about the title? What’s the the perfect beginner but somehow satisfying tutorial?
Answer snow/rain/starfield and you got it, and here we have a basic starfield class tutorial.

However the main reason I am posting this is not about the 30-40 code lines involved in rendering a random starfield but make you stop a moment and think about a possible easier way to do what you are doing.
I’ll try to be clearer: this morning I was working on a flash animation and just wanted to place a background starfield on my bucholic landscape view. So I quickly created the class but was missing something… off course a starfield is not cool if stars don’t twinkle (winkle, scintillate
shine… vary in light intensity etc.). So I started to recall the milions of experiments like this I did years ago in Actionscript 1 and ok… the first answer was something like:

• Generate every star as a sprite/movieclip (possibily in a main container)
• list the instance in some array, dictionary (whatever you prefer)
• to make ‘em twinkle, at every frame, do a for loop on every instance and vary its alpha with some some increment/decrement/sine calculation (o simply randomize it if you are lazy)

or you can have a Star class togheter with the Starfield class and let the Star class think about everything, so it creates its EnterFrame event to start twinkling when added (but it’s always a bad idea to have hundres of EnterFrame events, when you can have only one in the main class.

But…

Flash teach me that there are always many options to get to the same results (that is what I really like most about flash developing), AND… that bitmap filters and blend modes are a gift to hardcore developers with tremendous possibilities.

So.. do we really want a subtle background effect to keep 50% of the CPU? I don’t.

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Updated on 04/27/2009: Class with some improvements to skip transparent pixels. The two images should however share the same amount (or similar) of visible pixels.
Lot of space for improvements here, if someone want to contribute very appreciated.

Ok, lot of time passed since I posted my PixelMorphing class experiment.
Seemed to me that post passed quite unobserved but then I received a lot of feedback and e-mail asking to share the source code.

Well, the first time I wanted to speed up posting and do further experimentation/optimization so I din’t prepare the source but since the main believe of this blog is that if someone ask for code I release it, here we are. Optimization still not done… I am a lazy one, so if someone want to help improve it is really welcome.

Now the steps to play with it:

1. Download the PixelMorphing class
2. Use it with this code:

import com.oaxoa.fx.PixelMorphing;
var pm:PixelMorphing=new PixelMorphing(pic1, pic2, 200);
addChild(pm);
 
pm.start();
//pm.reset();

or certainly you can place some buttons or some combo and wait for some event for it to start or reset. The main code of the previous post is this:

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What can be the natural evolution of an isometric engine? Of course a voxel engine…

It was really a lot of time I had this in mind and already did some experiment, but never finalized them.
What I’ll show you now is some first implementation. Source code is already optimized but I need to finish class public methods so I’ll not post source for now.

Let me say that these screenshot really suck, but you got to see them moving (they runs very fast).

This first sample is a bitmap based map. The class wants two bitmap, one for the height map and one for the color. Of course you can use the same twice (but obviously it looks good only with grayscale images). With my brand new Intel Quad core QX9550 I easilly reach the fps limitator of 51 (ok, ok… on the screenshot is written 29 but believe me! ). I am new to multi core cpu and I am really surprised to see that now the browser vs IDE situation totally changed. Now I can do 51 fps in the browser (Opera 9.23) and 30 in the IDE… mmm strange behaviour, maybe I just need some sleep.

The file is very big cause of the low compressed 2000×2000 jpeg files. No preloader (don’t even try to ask for it) so be patient please (631 Kb)

Actionscript voxel landscape (Image map)
(move mouse to fly around.Map is bitmap based so has boundaries)

This second one is to make you write some comment like: “hey man how can you be so stupid… trying to code a fast voxel engine lots of optimization etc. and then you came up with a perlin noise based sample which simply drain half of the power”… Yeah! but is cool to have infinite landscape and test my new CPU

Actionscript voxel landscape (perlinNoise)

Same but with two octaves… very blobby feeling.

Actionscript voxel landscape (weird 2 octaves perlinNoise)

Expect more about this and more new things. I am preparing a lot of funny stuff.

As usual if you like this let me now via comments and if you want to keep an eye on updates subscribe to my feed

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